Limitations, Units, and Glossary

Check solver limitations, engineering units, and terminology before interpreting results.

Current Limitations

Underground bolts support tensile and stable-rock bond capacity as passive forces. Bolt shear, plates/stripping, pretension, and shotcrete are not implemented.
Profile mode uses a planar proxy for wedge formation/daylighting before clipping the multi-bench geometry for force balance.
Runout is only reported when the implemented equations have valid geometric inputs.
Imported .jww projects must match the current schema. Backwards-compatibility loaders are intentionally not included.
The result is only as reliable as the geological model, input orientations, material properties, and load assumptions.
Tunnel-intersection v1 is deterministic, gravity-only, and dry. It supports passive section-template rock bolts but does not run probabilistic sampling or model shotcrete.
boolean-budget-limited, optimizer-limited, and optimizer-failed tunnel results are provisional and may be incomplete.
Fixed result catalogs retain at most 50,000 summaries. Tunnel geometry is limited to 32 section templates, 8 legs, and 256 vertices per section; underground support is limited to 128 bolt types, 512 configured section bolts, 10,000 conservatively expanded physical rows, and 2,000,000 physical-row/result evaluations. Tunnel calculations separately limit search invocations, configured Boolean effort, recovered analyses, and preview primitives. Over-budget drafts cannot be computed or exported as unloadable project files, and over-budget project files is rejected rather than truncated.

Units

JWedge schema 21 is metric-only. Imperial project files and older schemas are not accepted because silent or partial conversion is unsafe for engineering calculations.

Quantity	Displayed unit
Length, height, bench width, runout, backbreak	m
Angles, dips, dip directions, trends, plunges	degrees
Cohesion, face pressure, constant water pressure	kPa
Unit weight, water unit weight	kN/m3
Force outputs and external force	kN
Bolt tensile strength	kN
Bolt bond strength	kN/m
Factor of safety	dimensionless

Glossary

Term	Definition
Dip	Inclination of a plane below horizontal.
Dip direction	Azimuth toward which a plane dips.
Trend	Azimuth direction of a line or force vector.
Plunge	Vertical inclination of a line or force vector.
Daylighting	Condition where the wedge intersection line exits through the slope face.
Friction reserve	Difference between controlling friction angle and sliding/intersection plunge.
Backbreak	Setback distance behind the crest implied by the current wedge geometry.
Joint scaling	Geometry adjustment to respect entered maximum joint lengths.